Internal-combustion engine



May 15 1923.

J. T. RAUEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 12 1920 Patented May 15, 1 923.

- JOHN T. mom, or DAYTON, OHIO.

: l-Ef.

' INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGII VE.

Application filed July 12, 1820. Serial No. 895,803.

resident of Dayton, in the county of Mont gomery and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. An object of my inventionis to provide an internal combustion engine having a much shorter cylinder than now used, and that will be much lighter in weight than engines now giving an equivalent horse power.

Another object is to provide an engine in which the high grade of work and labor now necessary, may be dispensed with, and in which the iston does not require the accurate grinding and finishing that has been necessary up to this time.

Another object is to provide an engine that is readily modified to either anair cooled or water cooled type, and that as an air cooled type of engine will be safe and economical, and will not develop the knock- 1 ing and Wear in the cylinder common to the present ty es of engines.

Another object is to prevent the thrust of the crank shaft digging the iston into the cylinder wall, thereby eliminating regrinding of the cylinder.

Another object is to transmit the crank shaft thrust to the base chamber housing of the engine and to provide means to take up the wear resulting from such thrust.

Another object is to provide an engine, the upper end of whose piston rod can be used as an auxiliary pump.

Another object is to assure roper lubrication of the engine parts, an to eliminate excessive consumption of oil, and to reduce the average, formation of carbon in the cylinder.

Another object is to dispense with machining of several parts of the engine, thereby conserving labor and time.

Another object is to prevent seizing of thepiston by the cylinder due to changes in temperature to which the engine is sub mitted.

Another object is to prevent slapping of the pistons.

These and other objects are attained by the means described herein and disclosed in the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1, is a transverse sectional view of an internal combustion engine embodying my Fig. 4, is an enlarged sectional view on 7 line 4'4 of Fig. 1.

My invention consists in providing a piston rod D that extends thru the explosion chamber a and projects thru the top a of such chamber. The bearings f b and b preventany but a longitudinally reciprocating motion of the piston rod D, said bearings avoiding any injury to the cylinder Walls because of the thrust of the crank shaft. upon the connecting rod, such thrust being taken by the bearings. The bearings f, 25* and b are removable and adjustable, whereby the wear upon these bearings can be readily remedied.

The cylinder A is constructed similarly to the cylinders of the ordinary combustion engine cylinder used on automobiles, aeroplanes, etc., but is not as long as the cylinders in such other engines in roportion to the other parts of the engine, eing slightly longer than the length of the stroke of the piston. The gases are drawn into and exhausted from the combustion chamber a in the same manner as in the ordinary type of engine referred to. A water jacket (1 encircles the combustion chamber. If the engine is tobe air cooled, the water jacket is dispensed with, the outer surface of cylinder wall a being employed as the radiating surface. The to a of the cylinder is bored, the

' walls of the ore a forming a bearing for thepiston rod D.

The base chamber housing B is attached to the cylinder A by means of the bolts 6 passing thru flanges a and 6 formed on the cylinder and on housing B respectively. The

guide plate or cross head bearings b and b are secured to the housing B and comprise parallel bearings between which the guide block or tail bearings d mounted upon the piston rod D is reciprocated. The guide plates have a series of lugs b having threaded bores b in which the screws 6' formed on the ends of the lockscrews b engage. The adjustment screws b are split-and are adapted to engage the threads b formed on the bore 6- in the housing. The adjustment screws have a tapering central bore thru which the lock screws I) extend. The lock screw is tapered, such tapered section being adapted to engage the tapered bore in the adjustment screw. A square head I)" is formed on the lock screw.

The piston rod D has the piston 11 mounted thereon by means of the screw collar d and pin d passing thru the collar and the rod. The piston can be cast to substantially the diameter of the chamber a. The rough edges are removed'from the piston and a seat (i for the split piston ring (i formed thereon. The piston does not contact the cylinder walls, therefore the piston does not require any grinding. A cross head or guide block d is mounted on the lower end of the piston rod, and between the arms d and d ofsuch block is pivotally mounted the connecting rod C, by means of the wrist pin 0. The block d is adapted to be reciprocated between the guide plates or tail bearings b and b The slots or spacesbetween the arms (1 and d of the block d and between the arms b and b" and arms I) and b ofthe bearings b and b respectively, are in alignment so that the connecting rod C can swing between such arms without contacting them. The connecting rod 0 is pivotally attached to the crankshaft C.

A screw plug F is mounted on the cylinder head a and has a central bore f in alignment with the piston rod D. The plugsecures the packing f about the piston rod I and the top of the bored and forms a head crank shaft. The bearing f bearing f for the piston rod. The chamber 7 within the plug F, in which the rod D reciprocates, may be enlarged and bedeveloped. into a pump by means of the inlet valve f and outlet valve f in the pump discharge nozzle f. The contacting faces of the guide plates and the guide block d can be made in any shape or form. The main purpose of this bearing arrangement is to,

avoid any thrust of the connecting rod, being directed upon the cylinder wall, and to assure only a longitudinal movement of the piston.

The operation of my device is as follows! The explosion of the gases within the explosion chamber (1 drives the piston d and piston rod D downward and toward the sure that is directed in an direction other than the line of reciprocation of the piston rod, thereby taking up the thrust of the in the plug F i eeaooa wall and piston ring is not subject to carbonization in the same degree as in other types of engines, therefore using less oil, keeping the cylinder in a better state 01 lubrication and avoiding formation of excess carbon in the combustion chamber.

Due to the fact that the piston does not contact the cylinder walls, and because the piston cannot grind or cut into the cylinder wall, the piston can be made very thin in cross section and with side walls 6 of a length that will accommodate one piston ring only, said walls bein substantially shorter than twice the thic ness of a piston ring thereby making it possible to use a cylinder of a length substantially equal to the stroke of the iston.- This re uction in length of the cy inder makes the engine 5 lighter. Because the cylinder wall will not be defaced, the piston ring will always provide an efiicient seal to the combustion chamber, therefore no escaping of gas will result.

The oily mist rising from the crank case will lubricate the piston ring, thereby consuming but ai little oil.

The thrust of the crank shaft upon the I bearings b and b will wear these bearings, therefore to take up this wear I have provided the adjustment means described. To take up the wear the lock screws 6'' are loosened and the adjustment screw 6 screwed into the bore 6 until all of the wear has been taken up. The lock screws 6'' are.

then screwed into the bearings drawing the uide plates into snug contact with the ad-- ustment screws, the tapered surfaces upon the adjustment and locking screws engaging one another and binding them together. In

' this way a running fit canagain be had withv out grinding crank shaft C. The force of the explosion is transmitted'thru the'wrist pin from they The. air will enter the developed within the plug F I chamber casing the combination with a linder, of a piston rod extending thru tile cylinder top, a head bea for one end of t 0 piston rod and mounts on the cylinder top, a piston mounted on the rod and within thecylinder, a guide block u on the piston rod, guide lates for the guide block, and means to ta e up wear of the block and of the guide plates.

2. In a combustion engine having a base chamber housing, the combination with acylinder, of a piston, a piston rod extending thru the piston and the c linder top, a substantially U shaped block upon the piston rod, slotted guide plates mounted on the housing and engaging the guide block, the slots in the guide lates registering with the slot in the guide b ock, a connecting rod, and a wrist pm supporting the connecti rod between the arms of .the guide block.

3. In a combustion engine having a base chamber casing the combination with guide and means to adjust t upon the base chamber housing, means to adjust the plates upon the casing and means to 25 the support means, and the casing to ton rod, and means to adjust the guide plates in relation to the piston rod.

5. The combination with a combustion engine having a base chamber cas' of guide plates adapted to support a p lston rod, means to mount the guide plates upon the base chamber casing ad'acent the piston rod, e piston and rod'to a relation central to the cylinder bore by means of the guide plates.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 26th day of J une 1920. 45 plates, of means to support the guide plates 7 JOHN T. Rants. 

